The kidney as a controller of body homeostasis

Normal renal function allows mammals to exist in diverse environments. Collections of nephrons, the basic unit of renal structure, regulate body fluid and electrolytes, blood pressure, and red cell mass. Nephron, and hence renal function also allows removal of toxic waste products generated during metabolism. The kidney is a major site of detoxification for many exogenous drugs and chemicals and also has important functions as an endocrine organ. Without precisely regulated renal function, mammals would quickly dehydrate in relatively arid environments (air) or internally overhydrate and drown in marine environments.