Cushing's disease: dilemmas of diagnosis and management.

Determining the cause of Cushing's disease and correcting the abnormality presents a continuing challenge to the clinician despite remarkable advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. We present seven cases to illustrate 1) the classic disorder cured by pituitary adenomectomy; 2) persistence of the disease after adenomectomy; 3) Cushing's disease manifesting in the puerperium and remitting with dopamine agonist therapy; 4) a patient whose disease relapsed at least five times during 20 years of treatment by adrenalectomy, pituitary radiation, mitotane, and pituitary adenomectomy; 5) the Nelson syndrome; 6) the ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome in a patient with dexamethasone suppressible urinary cortisol who had a pituitary adenoma which stained positively for ACTH but who was not cured by total hypophysectomy; and 7) a patient whose ACTH-secreting tumor proved fatal despite repeated surgical, radiologic and pharmacologic measures.