在解放营(捷克斯洛伐克)被拘留的乌克兰士兵的日常生活:可视化的努力(由乌克兰最高当局和政府中央国家档案馆和布拉格斯拉夫图书馆提供的资料)

Іhor Sribniak, Anna Khlebina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于捷克斯洛伐克领土上出现了一些试图返回祖国的乌克兰士兵,因此建立了被拘留的乌克兰士兵解放营。他们从1920年9月开始被安置在营地,营地的生活建立在军事基础上。为了建立利贝雷茨营地的文化和教育生活,成立了由四个部分(戏剧、音乐、历史和摄影)组成的“文化和教育俱乐部”。它的主要任务是为文盲开设课程,以及为其他类别的被拘留士兵提供定期报告,组织体育俱乐部和存档。利贝雷茨营地的文化和教育工作的实现主要依赖于从被关押在纽涅梅克耶尔-雅布隆内斯难民营的乌克兰加利西亚军队军官那里获得的财政援助。在1920-1921年的冬天尤其需要,当时营地的居民在木制营房里受冻,口粮不足。然而,这种情况并没有妨碍在营地内组织一些艺术和教育中心(剧院、合唱团、培训班、学校)的活动,也加强了民族爱国主义和教育工作。有一个图书馆,大约有1000本书,还有一个商店。因此,营地指挥部设法使被拘留的士兵社会化,关心他们的一般教育和民事职业的特殊教育。集中营的大多数居民逐渐离开了集中营,成为工人队伍的一部分,前往捷克斯洛伐克的各个地方。与此同时,军营里也支持军事纪律;军事演习是必需的,每次新士兵来到营地时,专门针对UHA部分的军事组织就会恢复。即使是在营地组建的工人队伍,也有军事基础,服从于UHA陆军的初始指挥。这些措施的目的是使乌克兰士兵为继续为乌克兰独立而进行的武装战斗做好准备。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Everydays Life of the Interned Ukrainian Soldiers in the Libereс Camp (Czechoslovakia): Endeavour of Visualization (by Materials of the Central State Archives of Supreme Authorities and Government of Ukraine and Slavonic Library in Prague)
The creation of the Libereс camp of interned soldiers-Ukrainians was caused by emergence on the territory of Czechoslovakia of certain groups of Ukrainian soldiers, who tried to get back to their motherland. Their placement in the camp has begun at September 1920, and the life of the camp was built on a military basis. With a view to establish of Liberec camp`s cultural and educational life, there were created the «Cultural and Educational Club» of four (theatrical, musical, historical and photographic) sections. Its primary task was to set up courses for illiterates, as well as providing regular statements for other categories of interned soldiers, organization of sports clubs and archiving. Realization of cultural and educational work at the Liberec camp was largely depended on financial assistance, received from officers of the Ukrainian Galician Army interned at Německé Jablonné camp. It was especially needed in the winter of 1920-1921, when camp inhabitants has suffered of cold in wooden barracks and of deficient food rations. However, this situation did not prevent the organization of activities a number of artistic and educational centers (theater, choirs, courses, schools) in the Camp, intensive national patriotic and educational work as well. There was a library with a fund of about 1000 books and also a shop. The camp command had sought therefore to socialize of interned soldiers, caring for their general and special education for civil professions. Most of the camp inhabitants went gradually out of Camp as part of the workers’ teams to various parts of Czechoslovakia. At the same time, the military discipline was supported in the Camp; military exercises were required, every time when new soldiers came to the Camp, the military organization, specific for the parts of the UHA, was restored. Even workers’ teams formed in the Camp, have a military basis and were subordinated to the UHA Army’s Initial command. These measures were aimed to preparing Ukrainian soldiers for the continuation of the armed fighting for Ukraine’s independence.
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