有机农业生产土地适宜性评估:法律支持的某些方面

T. Novak
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引用次数: 0

摘要

有机生产(农业)的理念是完全放弃使用转基因生物(gmo)、抗生素、杀虫剂和矿物肥料。这增加了土壤中的自然生物活性,恢复了养分的平衡,增强了再生特性,使生物体的工作正常化,腐殖质生长,并导致作物产量的增加。有机生产的结果是环境友好的产品,不含转基因生物和食品中不固有的化学元素。有机农业的理念在世界上许多国家都很流行,包括欧洲。在这方面,本文旨在调查土地适合有机农业生产。本文还对已经构建的科学规定进行了论证,并对该领域立法的现代化提出了建议。研究这一问题的主要方法是解决《有机农产品和原料生产流通法》、《土地保护法》、《土地(土壤)适宜性评价及有机产品和原料生产区划定办法(征求意见稿)》中存在的空白,以及有机生产用地法律编补要求等问题。本文分析了我国有机农业土地适宜性评价的法律支持现状。研究发现,与之前在有机产品生产、流通和标签领域的立法相比,乌克兰2018年7月10日颁布的第2496-VIII号《有机产品生产、流通和标签的基本原则和要求》没有规定对农业用地生产有机产品的适用性进行估计。在管理这一公共关系领域的次级立法中,没有这样的估计要求。因此,规范有机生产用地估算的第一步是对有机生产用地进行农化认证。该元素是计算土壤质量指标的基本方法。建议修正乌克兰法律“关于土地保护”第37条第5部分;2020年10月21日乌克兰内阁第1032号决议批准的《有机生产和/或有机产品流通认证程序》第3条;2011年10月11日乌克兰农业政策和食品部第536号命令批准的土地、地块农用化学品护照维护程序第1.5条和1.6条。引进的创新将允许客观地估计这些土地的质量状态,并将作为有机作物生产的保证。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Estimation of the suitability of land for organic agricultural production: Certain aspects of legal support
The idea of organic production (agriculture) is to completely abandon the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), antibiotics, pesticides, and mineral fertilizers. This increases the natural biological activity in the soil, restoring the balance of nutrients, enhancing the regenerative properties, normalizing the work of living organisms, humus growth, and results in an increase in crop yields. The result of organic production is environmentally friendly products that are free of GMOs and chemical elements that are not inherent in food products. The idea of organic farming is popular in many countries around the world, including Europe. In this regard, this article is aimed at investigating the suitability of land for organic agricultural production. This paper also has to justify the already constructed scientific provisions and provide recommendations for modernizing legislation in this area. The leading method for researching this problem addresses the gaps in the laws “On the Production and Circulation of Organic Agricultural Products and Raw Materials”, “On the Protection of Lands”, in the draft “Procedure for estimating the suitability of land (soils) and establishing zones for the production of organic products and raw materials”, and issues related to legal editing and supplementing requirements regarding land for organic production. This paper analyses the current state of legal support for estimating the suitability of land for organic agricultural production. It was found that in contrast to the previous legislation in the field of organic production, circulation, and labelling of organic products, the current Law of Ukraine No. 2496-VIII “On Fundamental Principles and Requirements for Organic Production, Circulation, and Labelling of Organic Products” dated 10.07.2018 does not prescribe an estimation of the suitability of agricultural land plots to produce organic goods. There are no requirements for such an estimation in the sub-legislation governing this sphere of public relations. As a result, the first step to regulating the estimation of agricultural land for organic production is to conduct agrochemical certification of land to be used for organic production. This element is a fundamental way to figure out the soil quality indicators. It is proposed to amend Part 5 of Art. 37 of the Law of Ukraine “On Land Protection”; Clause 3 of the Procedure for Certification of Organic Production and/or Circulation of Organic Products, approved by Resolution No. 1032 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated October 21, 2020; clauses 1.5 and 1.6 of the Procedure for maintaining the agrochemical passport of the field, land plot, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine No. 536 dated 11.10.2011. The introduced innovations will allow objectively estimating the qualitative state of such lands and will serve as a guarantee for organic crop production.
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