Imperializm i państwo kapitalistyczne – wyzwania teoretyczne w kontekście wojny w Ukrainie

The aim of the article is to analyze the theory of capitalist imperialism in the context of the challenges of the war in Ukraine. The main theoretical positions in the face of this war, related debates and doubts are outlined. A thesis is put forward about the adequacy of the diagnosis treating capitalist imperialism as a phenomenon rooted in the essence of capitalist states and the specificity of their rivalry. When analyzing the war in Ukraine against the backdrop of multipolar imperialism, an attempt is also made to concrete the analysis of Russian imperialism in relation to the failure of Russia’s economic reconstruction and attempts to change this state’s place in global capitalism.