Small licensed transmitters and their RF exposure assessment

Deploying small cells, i.e., small licensed transmitters, is one of the key solutions to manage the recent data explosion and network congestion. Small cells are mainly deployed in residential or enterprise environments. Therefore, they can be located in close proximity to human bodies. Their RF output power is low, usually in the range of mW to a couple of watts. This paper addresses the RF exposure compliance for small cells, including regulations, criteria and rules in United States, Canada, Australia and European Union. In addition, small cells' RF safety requirement in various countries in relation to their RF output power levels is investigated. This information would not only help the designers understand the regulatory RF exposure compliance requirements for small cells thoroughly, but also provide them with guidance in determining the proper RF transmitting power levels for small cells. As a result, less time and lower cost would be required in meeting their global regulatory RF exposure assessment requirements.