The management of bladder outlet obstruction due to prostate cancer, untreated and after endocrine treatment.

Symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction are commonly seen with locally advanced prostate cancer though the incidence is poorly defined, ranging from 18% [ 13 to 72% [2]. Symptoms may have abenigncause, as benignprostatic hyperplasia (BPH) often occurs concurrently with prostate cancer and can also produce obstructive symptoms [3]. Three therapeutic options, surgery, radiation therapy (RT) or endocrine treatment, can be used either sequentially or in combination earlier in the course of the disease. In general, a relapsing cancer is more difficult to control and additional morbidity is common.