Transformer Charger Design based on 12V CT Equipped Overcharge Protection

The need for electrical energy continues to increase and more and more equipment requires electrical energy as its main supply. The fulfillment of electrical energy can be generated by the battery. In the battery, there is a process of discharging and charging. The duration of discharging and charging the battery is affected by the capacity of the battery. Therefore, a charging device is needed for the battery charging process. The 12 V charger uses a CT transformer as a voltage reducer, then rectifies it using a diode. In the charging process, overcharge protection is provided that utilizes TL431 as a comparator that will detect when the battery is full so that no overcharge can cause overheating and damage to the battery. The test results obtained that the longer the charging time the battery voltage increases with a maximum current of 13.5 V. The current will automatically cut off due to the overcharge protection system. Based on the test, it was found that the efficiency of the tool was 61.0835%.