Comparıson of calcıum hydroxıde removal effıcacy of dıfferent irrıgatıon systems and photon–Induced photoacustıc streamıng technıque

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the irrigation techniques including Vibringe Sonic Irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), and conventional needle irrigation (CNI) used to remove the calcium hydroxide (CH) from the artificial groove. Subjects and Methods: Ninety-four teeth extracted human mandibular premolars having single root and linear canal were instrumented with ProTaper system up to size 50. As a standard groove model was designed in the apex of the root's half part. The samples were divided into four experimental groups (n = 21). The techniques were applied for experimental groups as Vibringe (Group 1), PUI (Group 2), PIPS (Group 3), and CNI (Group 4). The residual amount of CH was measured with a stereomicroscope at × 15 magnification by scoring system. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests (P < 0.001). Results: CH residues in Group 3 (PIPS) and Group 2 (PUI) were statistically significantly lower than those in Group 1 (Vibringe) and Group 4 (CNI) (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference either between PIPS and PUI groups (P > 0.001) or between Vibringe and CNI groups (P > 0.001). Conclusions: PUI and PIPS techniques could remove but not clean up CH residues from the artificial grooves. In addition, the sonic irrigation technique through the Vibringe device was similar to CNI method in the effectiveness of removal of CH in root canal apices.