Endometriosis Impact on Fertility: A Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

Endometriosis is a common problem affecting 5-10% of women of childbearing age. It is a condition with unknown pathology, leaving us with several theories. However, about half of women with endometriosis complain of difficulty conceiving. The exact mechanism remains unclear. In severe cases, infertility is associated with anatomical disturbances, but the pathophysiology of infertility in mild cases of endometriosis is not understood. From the balance of available evidence, medical treatment of endometriosis does not improve fertility and should not be given to patients wishing to conceive. However, surgical ablation or excision of minimal and mild endometriosis does improve fertility chances. Methods of assisted reproductive technology can be used in combination with hormonal treatment in women with mild endometriosis. Endometriosis treatment is yet to be considered effective. This article is a review of the literature on endometriosis-a disease affecting the quality of life in women all over the globe.