“对物的法律行为”与阿道夫·莱纳赫的社会行为理论

Nadja El Beheiri
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摘要

在2002年发表的一篇文章中,乌尔里希·曼特(Ulrich Manthe)根据约翰·l·奥斯汀(John L. Austin, 1911-1960)首先提出的言语行为理论,分析了古代的对物法律行为圣礼。近半个世纪前,胡塞尔所创立的现象学学派的杰出成员奥斯丁·阿道夫·莱纳赫从现实法哲学的角度发展了一种言外行为理论。赖纳赫发展的模型的一个基本要素是社会行为理论。第一步,本文重点考察了萨克拉门托对物法律行为的开篇部分,揭示了在执法程序的初始仪式中,当事人的行为从尚未达到社会行为状态的定罪和认定行为,发展到将请求权告知对方的社会行为。本文还试图通过社会行为理论来探讨裁判官和法官的活动。代表执政官的“mittite ambo rem”在技术上被限定为一种命令的社会行为。本文在未得出最终结论的情况下,首次尝试将命令和制定的范畴应用于裁判官和法官的活动。它给这个项目留下了进一步研究的空间,同时,社会行为的适用可能有助于理解古代法律中两个行为者之间的关系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Legis Actio in Rem and Adolf Reinach’s Theory on Social Acts
In an essay published in 2002, Ulrich Manthe analysed the ancient legis actio sacrament in rem in the light of the speech act theory shaped, above all, by John L. Austin (1911–1960). Almost half a century before, Austin Adolf Reinach, an outstanding member of the phenomenological school founded by Edmund Husserl, developed a theory of illocutionary acts from the perspective of realistic legal philosophy. One of the essential elements of the model developed by Reinach is the theory of social acts. In the fi rst step, the paper focuses on the opening part of the legis actio sacramento in rem. It shows that concerning the activity of the parties during the initial ritual of the law enforcement process, we discover the development from the acts of conviction and assertion, which still do not arrive at the state of social acts, to the social act of informing the other party about the claim. The paper also tries to approach the activity of the praetor and the judge through the theory of social acts. The “mittite ambo rem” on behalf of the praetor is qualifi ed technically as the social act of a command. Without arriving at a fi nal result, the paper makes a first attempt to apply the categories of commandment and enactment to the activities of the praetor and the judge. It leaves this item open to further research underlying at the same time that the application of the social acts might contribute to understanding the relationship between the two actors in ancient law.
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