生物表面活性剂生产微生物的筛选

А.М. Malik, N. Akimbekov, A. Zhubanova, G. Abdieva, L. E. Digel, P. Ualieva
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引用次数: 1

摘要

众所周知,由于缺乏经济和通用的产品,生物表面活性剂的普遍创造受到阻碍。目前,市面上只有非常有限的生物表面活性剂供应,如表面素、槐脂和鼠李糖脂。多种新型生物表面活性剂及其生产菌株是克服生物表面活性剂生产经济障碍的关键问题。因此,有必要进一步努力发现新的产生生物表面活性剂的微生物,广泛应用不同的筛选方法,这是本综述的主题。生物表面活性剂是由各种微生物合成的表面活性剂。近年来,生物表面活性剂引起了人们极大的兴趣,因为这些物质并不亚于化学类似物。具有环保性、可生物降解性和高抗菌活性等特点。生物表面活性剂被用于许多行业(制药、化妆品、食品、化学)、农业以及环境科学。生物表面活性剂是一种能有效降低介质表面张力的成分,同时也具有较高的乳化活性。在被各种物质(石油、煤炭等)污染的土壤中生存的微生物分泌的生物表面活性剂有外型和内型两种。本研究的目的是选择合成生物表面活性剂的微生物并研究其生物学特性。关键词:褐煤,生物表面活性剂,生物溶解,生物转化,抗菌活性,表面活性物质(表面活性剂),乳化活性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Screening of biosurfactant - producing microorganisms
It is well known that the general creation of biosurfactants is hampered by the lack of economical anduniversal products. Currently, there is only a very limited supply of commercially available biosurfactants,such as surfactin, sophorolipids and rhamnolipids. A variety of new biosurfactants, respectively producingstrains, is a key problem in overcoming economic obstacles to the production of biosurfactants. Therefore,it is necessary to make more efforts to discover new microorganisms producing biosurfactants, applying awide range of different screening methods, which is the subject of this review. Biosurfactants are surfaceactive agents synthesized by various microorganisms. Recently, biosurfactants have aroused great interest,since these substances are not inferior to chemical analogues. They are characterized by environmentalfriendliness, biodegradability and high antimicrobial activity. Biosurfactants are used in many industries(pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, chemical), in agriculture, as well as in environmental sciences. Biosurfactants are components that effectively reduce the surface tension of the medium, and also have a highemulsifying activity. Microorganisms that habitat in soil contaminated with various substances (oil, coal,etc.) secrete biosurfactants of exotype and endotype nature. The purpose of this study is the selection ofmicroorganisms that synthesize biosurfactants and study their biological properties.Key words: brown coal, biosurfactants, biosolubization, bioconversion, antimicrobial activity, surface-active substances (surfactants), emulsifying activity.
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