El desempeño medioambiental en empresas multinacionales: Influencia de la distancia institucional entre países

In this paper we analyze the influence that the environmental institutional distance between countries has on the degree of environmental performance's similarity within the multinational enterprise (MNE). We break down the institutional distance between the host and the home country into distances in relation to the regulatory, cognitive, and normative dimensions of institutions. Building upon the institutional approach, we show that not all the national institutional dimensions have the same influence on the environmental performance's similarity within MNES. Whereas a high regulatory distance between countries leads MNEs’ units to have a different environmental performance according to each country's legal requirements, the cognitive and normative distances encourage these firms to standardize their environmental performance, independent of the countries where their units are based.