Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Jordanians towards the relationship between food and immunity during the COVID-19 era

A diet with specific variety of food and drinks enhances physical condition, prevents disease, and assists in keeping an individual mentally and physically healthy. The global pandemic of coronavirus disease -2019 (Sars-Cov-2/Covid-19) has highlighted public awareness of the importance of eating a nutritious diet to boost immune defenses. This study aimed at exploring the awareness of Jordanian population on the relationship between food intake and immunity. A cross-sectional design was used to achieve the aim of this investigation. The study targeted Jordanian population (including 1024 participants residing in all Jordanian governorates). Awareness of Jordanians was tested via a questionnaire that was validated and tested for reliability (internal consistency). The awareness is usually indicated by knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The questionnaire was developed and introduced in the Arabic language to accommodate Jordanian culture. Results of this investigation showed that the survey tool was valid and reliable (Cronbach's-alpha value = 0.842). The mean, median, and mode values for awareness score are ∼51, 52, and 56 out of 70 indicating very good awareness of Jordanian population towards the relationship between food intake and immunity. It is recommended to translate the survey tool used in this investigation into other languages and validate it. In addition, it is recommended to consume healthy foods of Jordanian culture to boost immunity. Furthermore, it is recommended to increase awareness regarding the correct and fad information as well as the importance of vaccination role on immunity via educators and family, health care team members, magazines and newspapers, and social media.