Particle Swarm Optimization of a Multi-band MIMO Antenna for Ultra-Wide Band characteristics

A multi-band, Multi-Input and Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna was transformed into an Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) MIMO antenna through a novel optimisation technique. In this study, the Particle swarm optimisation method was used to optimise the MIMO antennas physical parameters. Initially, the design-related aspects of the MIMO were considered as the optimisation parameters with a functional goal of achieving a UWB band. The particle swarm optimiser successfully optimised the geometrical parameters of the proposed MIMO. A MIMO prototype antenna was fabricated on the widely present, cost-effective FR-4 material to validate the optimised parameters. Anechoic chamber measurements were taken to verify the performance of the prototype MIMO antenna. In all the tested parameters, the measurement values are in a good pact with the software simulations. The requirements for a UWB are validated from the measurement results. So, the particle swarm optimiser successfully optimised the given task through achieving the UWB. The developed antenna is appropriate for many commercial and widely used frequency bands of the UWB, like 2.45 GHz of Wi-Fi, 3.5 of Wi-MAX and 5.8 GHz of ISM band.