Prevalence And Diagnosis of Acute Leukaemia - Experience in 50 Cases in AFIP

Background: Haematological malignancies covers a wide range of diseases ranging from acute leukaemia to different type of lymphoproliferative disorders among which acute leukemia is a major concern all over the world. Objective: To evaluate the diagnosis of acute leukemia by morphological and immunophenotypic study. To find out the prevalence of acute leukemia among the 50 patients attending in the department Haematology, Armed forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Cantonment. Materials and method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Haematology, Armed forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Bangladesh from January 2008 to December 2008. Total of 50 patients were included after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Out of 50 patients, 38 (76%) cases are in the age group of 06 months to 15 years followed by 12 (24%) patients belong to the age group of 16 to more than 75 years. Amongst the respondents 58% were male and 42% were female. Morphology of the bone marrow samples revealed that 19 (38%) cases were acute myeloid leukemia, 29 (58%) were found to be acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 02 (04%) were indistinguishable. Whether, from immunophenotyping of 50 cases, 14 (28%) were reported as acute myeloid leukemia, 32 (64%) were acute lymphoblastic leukemia and both bi-phenotypic and undifferentiated acute leukaemia were 02 (04%) of each. Conclusion: Acute lymphoid leukaemia was the commonest type of acute leukaemia. Male predominance was seen in all acute types of leukemia and age has a significant effect on the type of leuakemia.