Medulloblastoma

Under the term embryonal tumours, we examine the malignant neoplasms medulloblastomas, CNS-PNETs, AT/RTs, and ETANTRs. The common histological link between them is the small, round, blue cells which appear on H&E stains. They are considered highly malignant tumours (WHO Grade IV), although significant variation of prognosis exists between the different subtypes. Current classification is based on their histopathological features. Advances on understanding of the molecular biology and behaviour of their cellular lines, has dramatically changed their stratification and scientific approach. Combination of surgical treatment with new schemes of adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy offers improved survival rates but comes with a high cost on neurocognitive, endocrine, and overall functional status. New therapies with molecular targets will hopefully improve outcomes with minimal side effects and collateral damage.