Biology of central nervous system tumours

There have been huge advancements in the understanding of the biology of paediatric brain tumours which has led to a new combined pathological and molecular classification system, and the development of biologically stratified clinical trials. Whilst these exciting advancements are translated into patient benefit, new challenges will need to be resolved. As tumour types are increasingly divided into biologically different entities, the design of meaningful trials becomes ever more complex. Continued international co-operation and collaboration will be required to manage this situation and provide the best treatment options for all patients. Furthermore, as biological stratification becomes increasingly important, standardised approaches to providing this additional diagnostic information will be required.