Solving Brain Research Problems: Electroencephalography Focus

Brain as the central nervous system controls human functions assisted by neurons through processing the received information towards sending the commands. Brain research problems are mainly categorized in cognition, perception and sensation. Each problem originally refers to state of intracranial components and neuronal activity. Various techniques; non-invasive and invasive, are available to provide valuable information of the brain. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique that is extensively applied in brain studies due to being convenient and affordable by recording and measuring the potential differences between two regions on the scalp representing overall neuronal activity. Despite EEG being a beneficial technique, it has the main drawback of missing intracranial knowledge. In this paper, three different brain study approaches are introduced; Mathematical-based, Engineering-based and Medical-engineering-based. The achievements from each study represent the challenges in each approach and propose the possible future investigations. In addition, EEG primary definitions are explained comprehensively. The paper provides sufficient information for researchers to choose suitable approach in solving research problems related to brain study using EEG.