道路交通事故颌面部损伤急救效果分析

V. Maslyakov, Yu. E. Barachevskii, O. Pavlova, D. A. Polikarpov, A. Pimenov, A. G. Proshin, A. A. Pimenova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为了达到既定的目标,笔者进行了回顾性研究。这项研究的对象是年龄在18岁到70岁之间的道路交通事故受害者,他们都遭受了颌面损伤;从2010年到2020年,共有150名受害者。所选主题是一个紧迫的医学和社会问题。可以观察到,道路交通事故中封闭性和开放性伤害的数量大致相同。然而,45例(30%)的开放性损伤被确定为中度和重度。数据分析表明,在30.7%的案件中,急救是由旁观者和/或受害者亲属提供的,他们不具备提供这种援助所需的能力和知识;在另外19.3%的个案中,急救是由具备所需知识和技能的行动服务人员(交通警察、消防和救援部门)提供的。由于缺乏必要的急救技能,这类伤害的道路交通事故受害者的误差率很高,达到41.3%。同时,业务服务人员在急救方面表现出良好的效果;没有发现错误。对常见错误的分析表明,在将被害人拖离车辆的过程中,运用了肢体力量;被害人头部未被固定时没有特殊手段,这会造成额外的伤害。6例(4.0%)被误认为昏迷。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Analysis of the results of rendering first aid in case of maxillofacial injuries suffered in road traffic accidents
For achieving the set goal, the author conducted a retrospective research. The study involved the victims of road traffic accidents aged from 18 to 70 years, who suffered maxillofacial injuries; total of 150 victims over the period from 2010 to 2020. The selected topic is a pressing medical and social problem. It is observed that the number of close and open injuries received in road traffic accidents is roughly the same. However, the open injuries qualified as moderate and severe were determined in 45 (30%) cases. The data analysis indicates that in 30.7% of cases, first aid was rendered by bystanders and/or relatives of the victims, who do not have the necessary competence and knowledge for providing such aid; in another 19.3% of cases, first aid was rendered by operational services personnel (traffic police, fire and rescue divisions), who have the necessary knowledge and skills. The absence of necessary skills for rendering first aid to the victims of road traffic accident with such type of injury explains high percentage of mistakes, which amounted to 41.3%. At the same time, the operational services personnel demonstrated good results in rendering first aid; no mistakes were detected. The analysis of the common mistakes indicates the application of physical efforts in the process of removing victims from the vehicle; no special means while the victim's head was not fixated, which causes additional injuries. In six (4.0%) cases, the spoor condition of the victims was mistaken with comatose.
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