现代民族国家形成过程背景下斯科沃罗达哲学中的人类学问题

P. Kravchenko
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摘要

斯科沃罗达作品的哲学象征意义在于智慧、意气相投、以小见大、通过象征世界揭示奥秘。斯科沃罗达说,成为一个人就是成为一个哲学家。哲学的目标是重新唤醒启蒙时代的主要格言(荣誉、尊严、自由、正义、团结、道德)。在这些座右铭的基础上在乌克兰建立开放社会是现代民族国家建设的目标。本文旨在探讨斯科沃罗达作品中的哲学和人类学问题对现代乌克兰开放社会建设的影响和意义。研究的方法论是复杂的,它建立在对斯科沃罗达作品中人类学问题的社会哲学和历史哲学分析及其对寻找个人自由和建设开放社会的意义之上。主要的方法论工具是科学分析的基本研究基础——客观性原则、系统性原则、整体性原则、历史与逻辑的统一性原则、决定论原则、发展性原则和相互关系原则。使用了社会和符号表征、种族表征和结构功能主义的方法论。结果。由于乌克兰正在经历复杂的社会和政治进程,s.s Skovoroda的哲学著作具有特殊的重要性:乌克兰民族认同、民族价值观、道德和文化的形成和保存。社会需要有政治头脑、对国家发展前景有明确想法的公民。研究斯科沃罗达的作品,我们可以追溯人类精神的发展:一个内心破碎、缺乏生活参照点的人逐渐适应社会生活,克服个体与整体的差异,在与周围世界的关系中找到妥协。斯科沃罗达以人类普世价值的视角,深入而热情地分析了民族命运、语言命运和国家命运。结论。现代乌克兰社会需要与自己和世界和谐相处的人,他们致力于改善自己和社会。这样的人既要能够克服自身的矛盾,也要能够克服社会和世界的矛盾。斯科沃罗达对人类作为新道德的创造者寄予厚望,相信有可能建立国家的坚实基础。一个内心富有的人,一个公民,将会为自然,世界,人际关系的和谐做出贡献,关注善与爱的问题,作为人类存在的整体属性。作家认为这样的人物能够将和平与团结带到充满生命挑战的不稳定的现实中,反对人类存在的异化、荒谬和渺小。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF H. S. SKOVORODA IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN NATIONAL STATE-FORMING PROCESSES
The philosophical symbolism of H. Skovoroda’s works lies in wisdom, congenial work, seeing the big in the small, unveiling mysteries through the symbolic world. Skovoroda states that to be a human-being is to be a philosopher. The aim of philosophy is to reawaken the main mottos of the Age of Enlightenment (honor, dignity, freedom, justice, solidarity, morality). Creating open society in Ukraine on the basis of these mottos is the aim of the modern national state-building. The aim of the article is to ascertain the influence and meaning of the philosophical and anthropological problems in the works of H. S. Skovoroda for building open society in the modern Ukraine. Methodology of the study is complex and based on the social-philosophical and historic-philosophical analysis of anthropological problems in the works by H. S. Skovoroda and its significance for finding personal freedom and building open society. The leading methodological tools are fundamental research basics of the scientific analysis – principles of objectivity, systematicity, integrity, unity of the historic and the logical, determinism, development, and interrelation. Methodology of social and symbolic representations, ethnic representations, and structural functionalism has been used. Results. As Ukraine is experiencing complex social and political processes, the philosophical works by H. S. Skovoroda acquires special importance: formation and preservation of the Ukrainian national identity, national values, morality, and culture. The society needs politically-minded citizens with clear ideas about the prospects of the state development. Researching works of Skovoroda, one can trace the development of the human spirit: an internally-devastated person devoid of life reference points is gradually adapting to the life in society, overcomes the discrepancies between the singular and the whole finding a compromise in the relations with the world around them. The fates of the people and the nation, language and the state were the key problems which H. S. Skovoroda thoroughly and passionately analyzed through the perspective of universal human values. Conclusions. The modern Ukrainian society needs people in harmony with themselves and the world who work on improving themselves and the society. Such people should be able to overcome both their own internal contradictions and the conflicts in society and the world. Putting significant hope on the human-being as the creator of the new morality, H. Skovoroda believed in the possibility of building solid foundations of the state. An internally rich person and citizen is going to contribute to harmony of the nature, the world, human relations focusing on the issues of good and love as integral attributes of the human existence. The writer considered such personalities to be able to carry peace and unity to the unstable reality full of life challenges and to oppose the alienation, absurdity, and insignificance of the human existence.
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