科孚岛的沿海环境和长期人类活动:海景视角

K. Sbonias
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引用次数: 0

摘要

海景作为特定的生态系统和通过人类活动形成的文化表现形式,在塑造经济和社会关系方面具有重要意义,并为人类社会带来一系列经验和意义。近几十年来的几项研究强调了岛屿环境和海景的重要性。塑造与海洋的动态关系并形成其文化表达的因素,以及与之相关的资源和活动,以及它们被感知和随时间变化的方式,是接近海景的重要参数。在Fish&CHIPS项目的框架内,利用考古遗迹、人种学证据和档案材料等各种来源,从历时的角度对科孚岛的沿海环境进行了调查。该项目旨在将沿海环境作为一种特殊的生态系统和文化遗产的一部分的历史和考古研究与阿普利亚科孚和塔兰托目前的渔业社区联系起来。它还旨在强调从古至今人类社会与海洋及其资源的相互联系,重点是渔业和海洋传统,并在第二层次上通过使当地渔业社区的经济活动多样化,为其创造可持续发展的前景作出贡献。本文的重点是科孚岛海洋和沿海环境的关键方面,以及它随着时间的推移而改变的方式。出发点是科孚岛在爱奥尼亚海和亚得里亚海海景中的战略位置,以及构成该岛景观一部分的沿海生态系统(与海洋、湿地和泻湖、河口、盐滩相关的沿海和内陆村庄)。它们主要从经济角度考虑,审查不同时期对这些环境的资源和开发做法,以及对居住模式和景观利用的影响。科孚岛南部的社区地图的基础上开发研究这些环境在空间和时间两方面与现在的当地社区和合作(图1)。其目的是增加沿海和海洋环境的值作为该地区的文化遗产的一部分,并创建一个网络走文化路线,将这些特定的环境和他们的社区和形式的核心“Petritis和南科孚岛Ecomuseum”。生态博物馆的做法超越了传统博物馆的封闭围墙,其基本原则可以概括如下:A)通过塑造一个地区的集体记忆和身份的经验和传统,更广泛的地理区域的重要性和当地社区对其的感知;b)促进和现场保护该地区物质和非物质遗产资源的要素;c)当地社区的积极参与;d)走向可持续性和再生的方向,与初级生产(手工艺、艺术和工艺)平行联系;生态旅游设施、文化旅游)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Coastal environments and long-term human practices in Corfu: a seascape perspective
Seascapes, both as specific ecosystems and as cultural manifestations formed through human action, are important in shaping economic and social rela­tions and entail a range of experiences and meanings for human societies. Several studies in recent decades have underlined the importance of island environments and seascapes. The factors that shape the dynamic relationship with the sea and form its cultural expression, as well as the resources and activities related to it and the way they are perceived and change over time are important parameters in approaching seascapes. The investigation of the coastal environment of Corfu through a diachronic perspective using a variety of sources, such as archaeological remains, ethnographic evidence and archival material, was developed in the framework of the Fish&CHIPS project. The project aimed to link the historical and archaeological research of the coastal environment as a special ecosystem and part of the cultural heritage, at the regional level, with the current fishing communities of Corfu and Taranto in Apulia. It also aimed to highlight the interconnection of human societies, from ancient times to the present, with the sea and its resources, focusing on fishing and maritime traditions, and at a second level to contribute to the creation of sustainable development prospects for the local fishing communities through the diversification of their economic activities. The present paper focuses on key aspects of the marine and coastal environment of Corfu and the way it was transformed over time. The starting point is the strategic location of Corfu in the seascape of the Ionian and Adriatic Seas and the coastal ecosystems that form part of the island’s landscape (coastal and inland villages related to the sea, wetlands and lagoons, estuaries, salt flats). They are considered primarily in economic terms, examining resources and practices of exploitation of these environments in different periods and, also, influences on patterns of habitation and landscape use. The Community Map of Southern Corfu was developed on the basis of research into these environments in both spatial and temporal aspects and in cooperation with the present-day local communities (Figure 1). The aim was to increase the value of the coastal and marine environments as part of the cultural heritage of the region and create a network of walking cultural routes that link these specific environments and their communities and form the core of the ‘Petritis and South Corfu Ecomuseum’. The ecomuseum approach moves beyond the closed walls of conventional museums and its basic principles can be summarised as follows: a) the importance of the wider geographical region and its perception by the local communities through the experiences and traditions that shape the collective memory and identity of an area, b) the promotion and on-site preservation of elements of the material and intangible heritage resources of the place, c) the active participation of the local community and d) a direction towards sustainability and regeneration, with a parallel connection with primary production (crafts, arts and crafts, ecotourism facilities, cultural tourism).
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