科学在创新发展中的可能性:“测量技术”

V. Chichkanov, O. Sukharev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的目的是确定确保科学对创新的影响的主要条件,特别是在技术创新方面。比较和结构分析、测量程序的应用和经验数据的评价构成了研究的方法。研究结果可以简化为经分析证实的若干规定。首先,在俄罗斯,在长期重组的过程中,机构、信息、资金甚至人员潜力(由于研究人员数量的减少)都大大削弱了。因此,科学知识对创新过程的影响明显减弱,尽管创新始终是科学活动的结果这一论点难以反驳。其次,我们不应该把它作为一种直接的关系来谈论,而是通过时间的滞后。他们成为当前科技政策实施和规划的绊脚石。第三,作者展示了在作者多年研究过程中发现的俄罗斯技术创新的主要问题,支持了关于经济技术有效性水平缺乏准确表征和衡量的重要结论。作者还提出了通过细化和完善技术领域的会计统计程序来解决这一问题,例如通过技术地图,以及引入相关对象(企业、地区等)的技术覆盖率等指标。当前的技术块度量不考虑覆盖率。这种遗漏造成了对技术水平评估的严重扭曲,也影响了对基础科学、研发与技术发展关系的进一步研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Possibilities of Science in Innovative Development: “Measuring Technologies”
The purpose of the study is to identify the main conditions that ensure the influence of science on innovation, especially in terms of technological innovation. Comparative and structural analysis, application of measurement procedures, and evaluation of empirical data constitute the methodology of the study. The results of the study can be reduced to a number of provisions confirmed by analysis. Firstly, in Russia, in the course of permanent reorganizations, the institutional, informational, funding, and even personnel potential (due to a reduction in the number of researchers) was greatly weakened. Thus, the impact of scientific knowledge on the innovation process was clearly reduced, although the thesis that innovations are always results of scientific activities is difficult to dispute. Secondly, we should not talk about it as a direct relationship, but through the time lags. It is they who become a stumbling block in the conducting and planning current scientific and technological policy. Thirdly, the author has showed the main problems of technological innovation in Russia, identified in the course of many years of author’s research, supporting the important conclusion about the lack of an accurate representation and measurement of the level of technological effectiveness of the economy. The author has also proposed to solve this problem by detailing and improving accounting and statistical procedures in the field of technology, e. g., by means of technological maps, as well as by introducing an indicator as technology coverage of relevant objects (enterprises, regions, etc.). The current piece measurement of technologies does not consider coverage. Such an omission causes a significant distortion in the assessment of the technological level, as well as in further studies of the relationship between basic science, R&D, and technological development.
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