重新定义脆弱性:2019冠状病毒病大流行期间欧盟的新社会“哲学

Georgeta Ghebrea
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引用次数: 0

摘要

社会政策从一开始就以某种关于理想的社会模式的“哲学”为基础,其中包括宗教、政治和社会价值,以及保护脆弱目标群体的适当目标和工具。这种哲学在地理上和历史上都有所不同。因此,与其他大陆的社会模式相比,欧洲的社会政策具有特定的价值论基础。即使相对稳定,这个基础也是不断被重新定义的,因此,欧洲社会模式是一个不断发展的概念。我们的论文分析了在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,欧洲社会政策如何重新定义社会脆弱性和弱势群体。如果说近几十年来欧洲的社会政策试图实施更具选择性和对经济状况进行调查的社会保护,那么在大流行病期间的社会保护方法是不同的,有迹象表明,社会福利日益普及,以涵盖新的脆弱性。在我们的分析中,大流行强调了一些先前存在的趋势,重新定义了主要目标群体及其社会保护:更大的去功能化,对非典型就业的保护,涵盖新风险的社会保障计划,以及实现新的工作与生活平衡的工具。与此同时,欧洲的社会保护政策倾向于与数字化和生态领域的行动协同。这些变化是暂时的,还是会在大流行之后持续下去?当然,很难做出预测,但我们相信,他们中的一些人预计可能会对更人道、更少生物政治的欧洲社会保护政策进行结构性改革。我们的分析基于社会统计数据、官方文件和公开演讲。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Redefining Vulnerability: A New Social “Philosophy” of European Union During COVID–19 Pandemic
Social policy is based, since its inception, on a certain “philosophy” regarding the desirable social model, encompassing religious, political and social values, as well as appropriate objectives and tools for protecting vulnerable target groups. This philosophy differs both geographically and historically. Thus, European social policies have a specific axiological foundation comparing to social models developed on other continents. Even if relatively stable, this foundation is continuously redefined and, therefore, the European social model is an evolving concept. Our paper analyses how social vulnerability and vulnerable groups are redefined within the European social policies, during Covid-19 pandemic. If in recent decades the European social policies have tried to implement more selective and means-tested social protection, the approach to social protection during the pandemic is different, there are indications of increasing the universalisation of social benefits for covering new vulnerabilities. In our analysis, the pandemic accentuated some pre-existing trends to redefine the predilect target groups and their social protection: larger decommodification, protection for atypical employment, social security schemes covering new risks, and instruments for a new work-life balance. At the same time, European social protection policies tend towards synergy with actions in the fields of digitalisation and ecology. Are these changes temporary or will they last even after the pandemic? Of course, it is difficult to make predictions, but we believe that some of them anticipate possible structural reforms of more humane, less biopolitical European social protection policies. Our analysis is based on data from social statistics, official documents and public speeches.
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