Fundamentals and Applications of Biological Redox Molecules and Nanocarbons Based on Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Methods

In this review article, I focus on some interesting features regarding the electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of biological redox molecules and proteins as well as of nanocarbons, in which the following four topics are described: i) electrochemistry of redox protein in synthetic lipid films, ii) electrochemistry of fullerenes (1)-fullerene C60 lipid film on electrodes, iii) electrochemistry of fullerenes (2)-fullerenes and metallofullerenes embedded in lipid films on electrodes, and iv) electrochemistry of carbon nanotubes-determination of precise redox potentials and their empirical equation as well as carbon nanotube-based fuel cells with high performance.