南部非洲黑人和布须曼人的身材和世俗倾向。

P V Tobias
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管人们普遍认为,关于南部非洲人的身高信息很少,但至少有123个sa Negro(93)和Khoisanoid(30)人的成人平均身高数据。许多书是第一次在这里出版。这使得寻找成年人身高增加的长期趋势的迹象成为可能。两种主要技术是纵向数据(对同一人口进行时间间隔研究)和按年龄排序的横断面数据(缺乏身高随年龄增长而下降的数据意味着缺乏长期趋势)的研究。可获得数据的大多数南部非洲人口要么没有长期趋势(以前认识到),要么明显相反的长期趋势(一个新概念),其中成年人的平均身高与前几代人相比有所下降。马拉维、肯尼亚、乌干达、苏丹、塞内加尔、上沃尔特和象牙海岸以及一些亚洲和南美样本的人民也出现了类似的长期趋势缺失或逆转。总体而言,发达地区表现为长期趋势,而欠发达地区表现为不存在或逆转趋势。对于这种概括,San是一个明显的例外。1962年首次引用的所有证据都表明,尽管这些国家的经济地位低下、不发达,但它们正在出现通常的长期趋势。尽管数据并不完善,但科萨和马拉维县也有可能显示出积极的长期趋势。“人类的成年形式是成长的结果,在生活的冒险中被增强、缩小、扭曲或残缺。”我不是在谴责遗传。但我坚持认为,通过对成长的研究为人类学获得的新知识带来了希望和信心,而以前只有严酷的命运。”(T.温盖特·托德,1935)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Stature and secular trend among Southern African Negroes and San (Bushmen).

Despite a wide belief that little information is available on the dimensions of Southern African peoples, data for adult mean stature are presented for no fewer than 123 samples of S.A. Negro (93) and Khoisanoid (30) peoples. Many are published here for the first time. These have made possible a search for signs of the secular trend towards increased adult stature. Two main techniques are the study of longitudinal data (where time-spaced studies on the same population are available) and of age-ranked, cross-sectional data (where the lack of declining stature with age connotes the absence of a secular trens). Most Southern African populations for which data are available show either the absence of the secular trend (previously recognized) or a frankly reversed secular trend (a new concept), in which adults show a decline in mean stature compared with earlier generations. Similar absence or reversal of the secular trend characterizes peoples in Malawi, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Senegal, Upper Volta and Ivory Coast, as well as some Asian and South American samples. In the main, developed areas show the secular trend, while less developed areas show an absence or reversal of the trend. To this generalization, the San are a striking exception. All the evidence, first adduced in 1962, points to the usual secular trend as occurring in the San, despite their lowly, undeveloped economic status. Although the data are imperfect, it is possible too, that Xhosa and Moçambique Maravi show evidence of a positive secular trend. "The adult form of mankind is the outcome of growth enhanced, dwarfed, warped, or mutilated by the adventures of life. I am not decrying heredity. But I do insist that new knowledge gained for anthropology through the study of growth brings hope and confidence where formerly was only the grim figure of destiny." (T. Wingate Todd, 1935).

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