面向下一代汽车ecu的RISC-V开放平台

Luca Cuomo, Claudio Scordino, A. Ottaviano, Nils Wistoff, R. Balas, L. Benini, Errico Guidieri, I. M. Savino
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引用次数: 1

摘要

由于辅助或自动驾驶等新功能的集成,汽车系统的复杂性正在迅速增加。然而,不断增加的复杂性给汽车供应链带来了相当大的挑战,因为不断增加新的硬件和网络布线被认为是站不住脚的。现代异构多处理器芯片的可用性代表了通过将多种功能集成到更少的电子控制单元(ecu)中来降低车辆成本的独特机会。此外,最近开放硬件技术的改进可以通过避免锁定解决方案来进一步降低成本。提出了一种基于开放硬件和开源技术的汽车ecu混合临界多操作系统架构。安全关键功能由运行在RISC-V处理器上的AUTOSAR操作系统执行,而Linux操作系统在多核ARM CPU上执行更高级的功能。除了介绍实现的堆栈和通信基础设施外,本文还提供了硬件/软件优化版本的RISCV处理器与COTS Arm Cortex-R处理器在实时性方面的定量差距分析,证实了RISC-V是运行AUTOSAR经典堆栈的下一代汽车mcu的有价值的候选者。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Towards a RISC-V Open Platform for Next-generation Automotive ECUs
The complexity of automotive systems is increasing quickly due to the integration of novel functionalities such as assisted or autonomous driving. However, increasing complexity poses considerable challenges to the automotive supply chain since the continuous addition of new hardware and network cabling is not considered tenable. The availability of modern heterogeneous multi-processor chips represents a unique opportunity to reduce vehicle costs by integrating multiple functionalities into fewer Electronic Control Units (ECUs). In addition, the recent improvements in open-hardware technology allow to further reduce costs by avoiding lock-in solutions. This paper presents a mixed-criticality multi-OS architecture for automotive ECUs based on open hardware and open-source technologies. Safety-critical functionalities are executed by an AUTOSAR OS running on a RISC-V processor, while the Linux OS executes more advanced functionalities on a multi-core ARM CPU. Besides presenting the implemented stack and the communication infrastructure, this paper provides a quantitative gap analysis between an HW/SW optimized version of the RISCV processor and a COTS Arm Cortex-R in terms of real-time features, confirming that RISC-V is a valuable candidate for running AUTOSAR Classic stacks of next-generation automotive MCUs.
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