Global growth of open access networks: from warchalking and connection sharing to sustainable business

This paper discusses the evolution of W-LAN starting from the mere extension of LAN services indoors, through the widespread diffusion of outdoors coverage with free and often un-authorized access, to the business models supporting their evolution to public coverage HotSpots. Besides, the idea of Open Access Networks (OANs) going beyond wireless HotSpots to become a shared access infrastructure fostering service operators competition is introduced and discussed.The concept of Open Access Networks (OAN) is detailed, highlighting its difference with the more traditional model of vertical integration of the access network into the global service. Arguing on OANs development, it is shown how to support the quick and smooth evolution of the infrastructure toward a widespread and reliable communication support. References to existing projects, starting from StockholmOpen.net and Wilma are given.Business models are discussed by mentioning the different actors, the market organization and different organization forms.The final part of the paper is devoted to technical challenges such as access control, security, privacy, roaming, resource exploitation and service differentiation.