UAS遥感在突发性寒区灾害中的应用

M. Verfaillie, E. Cho, Lauren Dwyre, Imran Khan, Cameron Wagner, J. Jacobs, A. Hunsaker
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摘要

无人空中系统(UAS)是一种成熟的高时空分辨率冷区现象数据采集技术。虽然许多研究都集中在监测寒冷地区长期变化的遥感应用上,但无人机系统在寒冷地区快速变化和突发灾害直接暴露的检测、监测和响应方面的作用尚处于早期阶段。本文讨论了无人机遥感平台和传感器的最新应用,重点是观测技术而不是后处理方法,用于突发的寒冷地区灾害,包括永久冻土崩溃和基于事件的解冻、洪水、雪崩、冬季风暴、侵蚀和冰塞。本综述强调的试点工作表明,无人机遥感技术有潜力补充现有的寒冷地区灾害数据采集技术。在许多情况下,无人机与其他遥感技术(如卫星、机载、地面)和现场采样一起使用,以补充现有数据或收集现有数据集中未包括的其他类型的数据(如热、气象)。虽然大多数UAS应用涉及使用结构-运动(SfM)摄影测量技术创建数字高程模型或数字地表模型,但本文介绍了UAS观测的其他应用,这些应用有助于评估风险、识别影响和加强决策。随着寒冷地区突发灾害发生频率和强度的变化,记录和理解这些变化以支持科学进步和灾害管理将变得越来越重要。随着无人机技术成本的降低和可及性的提高,将有更多的机会利用这些技术来解决当前的研究差距。克服与实施新技术相关的挑战,修改操作限制,弥合数据类型和解决方案之间的差距,并创建适合风险沟通和损害评估的数据,将增加UAS应用的潜力,以提高对风险的理解,并减少与寒冷地区突发灾害相关的风险。在未来,寒冷地区的应用可以从这些早期采用者所取得的进步中受益,他们通过创新地使用新兴和现有的传感器,为推进危害研究找到了令人兴奋的新途径。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
UAS remote sensing applications to abrupt cold region hazards
Unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) are an established technique for collecting data on cold region phenomenon at high spatial and temporal resolutions. While many studies have focused on remote sensing applications for monitoring long term changes in cold regions, the role of UAS for detection, monitoring, and response to rapid changes and direct exposures resulting from abrupt hazards in cold regions is in its early days. This review discusses recent applications of UAS remote sensing platforms and sensors, with a focus on observation techniques rather than post-processing approaches, for abrupt, cold region hazards including permafrost collapse and event-based thaw, flooding, snow avalanches, winter storms, erosion, and ice jams. The pilot efforts highlighted in this review demonstrate the potential capacity for UAS remote sensing to complement existing data acquisition techniques for cold region hazards. In many cases, UASs were used alongside other remote sensing techniques (e.g., satellite, airborne, terrestrial) and in situ sampling to supplement existing data or to collect additional types of data not included in existing datasets (e.g., thermal, meteorological). While the majority of UAS applications involved creation of digital elevation models or digital surface models using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, this review describes other applications of UAS observations that help to assess risks, identify impacts, and enhance decision making. As the frequency and intensity of abrupt cold region hazards changes, it will become increasingly important to document and understand these changes to support scientific advances and hazard management. The decreasing cost and increasing accessibility of UAS technologies will create more opportunities to leverage these techniques to address current research gaps. Overcoming challenges related to implementation of new technologies, modifying operational restrictions, bridging gaps between data types and resolutions, and creating data tailored to risk communication and damage assessments will increase the potential for UAS applications to improve the understanding of risks and to reduce those risks associated with abrupt cold region hazards. In the future, cold region applications can benefit from the advances made by these early adopters who have identified exciting new avenues for advancing hazard research via innovative use of both emerging and existing sensors.
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