复杂活动与选择性联想:精英大学社团的有效性

V. Lugovyi, O. Slyusarenko, Zhanneta Talanova
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本文根据2003-2022年上海排名(ARWU)的数据,对美国(AAU)、英国(罗素集团)、加拿大(U15集团)、日本(RU11)、中国(C9联盟)、澳大利亚(八国集团)、德国(U15)的顶尖大学精英协会的成就进行排名,考虑其运作的政治和经济背景,确定这些协会有效性的因素,以确保成员大学的领导地位。研究发现,协会的最大协同效应是在小型协会或其部分(最多10-20个机构)中实现的,其中包括在评级方面接近的机构,这些机构的特点是具有显著(共鸣)的团体内部互动,并提供强大的国家支持。在相同复杂程度的教育项目和研究开发活动中,基于“平等”原则的选择性重要合作(从而达到共鸣互动的效果)是确保所有互动参与者成功地集体进步到卓越的最高水平的保证。否则,正式的协会要么衰落,要么经历非正式的内部分层(分化),形成在活动复杂性上更加同质的群体,并不是所有的群体都能经受住争夺领导地位的竞争,也不能充分利用正式开放科学的优势,因为它实际上是封闭的,对于能力不足的大学来说,部分复杂的知识是封闭的。国内大学选择性联合的另一种选择是,在国家的系统支持下,直接进行组织整合,转变为强大的大学中心,就像法国所做的那样,或者制定强有力的国家政策,发展旗舰大学,就像瑞士一样。为了克服乌克兰高等教育在全球日益落后的状况,制定了关于建立乌克兰国内精英大学协会(AUU)及其巩固战略的基于科学的实用建议,这在开放科学的具体条件下以及在创新,高智力和高科技基础上的国家战后恢复尤为重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Complex Activity & Selective Associativity: the Effectiveness of Elite University Association
In the article, based on data from the Shanghai Ranking (ARWU) 2003-2022, ranking achievements of elite associations of top universities in the USA (AAU), the United Kingdom (Russell Group), Canada (U15 Group), Japan (RU11), China (C9 League), Australia (Group of Eight), Germany (U15), taking into account the political and economic context of their functioning, the factors of the effectiveness of such associations are determined to ensure the leadership of member universities. It has been found that the greatest synergistic effect of association is achieved in small associations or their parts (with the number of up to 10-20 institutions), which include institutions close in terms of ratings, which are characterized by significant (resonant) intragroup interaction and which are provided with strong national support. Activities at the same level of complexity of educational programs and research and development, selective significant cooperation on the principle of "equal to equal" (thus achieving the effect of resonant interaction) serve as a guarantee of successful collective advancement to the top levels of excellence of all participants of the interaction. Otherwise, the formal association either declines or undergoes informal internal stratification (differentiation) into groups more homogeneous in complexity of activity, not all of which can withstand the competitive struggle for leadership and the ability to fully use the advantages of formally open science due to its actual closedness in part complex knowledge for insufficiently capable universities. An alternative to the selective associative union of universities withing the country can be their direct organizational consolidation with systematic state support to transform into powerful university centers, as is done in France, or a strong national policy for the development of flagship universities, as in Switzerland. Scientifically based practical recommendations on the creation of a domestic elite Association of Ukrainian Universities (AUU) and the strategy of their consolidation are formulated in order to overcome the growing global backwardness of higher education of Ukraine, which is especially relevant in the conditions of the specifics of open science and the post-war recovery of the country on an innovative, high-intellectual, and high-tech basis.
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