Navigating the Complex Landscape of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Asia: Identifying Key Determinants and Strategies for Improvement

Most LMICs have been slow to receive and distribute vaccines, which are much more available in high-income countries, prompting critiques of global vaccine inequity, which were exacerbated with the distribution of so-called booster shots in high-income countries in the autumn of 2021. Access issues, coupled with vaccine hesitancy, can have catastrophic effects. Vaccination against the novel coronavirus is one of the most effective strategies for combating the global Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a major obstacle in several regions of the world, including Asia. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the rapid development and distribution of vaccines worldwide. However, vaccine hesitancy, particularly in Asia, poses a significant challenge to achieving herd immunity and controlling the pandemic. This study aims to identify the key determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Asian populations and develop targeted strategies to improve vaccination uptake. A comprehensive review of literature from 2019 to 2020 was conducted, focusing on sociocultural, political, and healthcare system factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy in the region. Findings reveal that cultural and religious beliefs, misinformation and distrust in government and healthcare systems, and logistical and accessibility issues significantly impact vaccine uptake. To address these challenges, the study proposes strategies such as engaging with community leaders, improving communication, building public trust, and addressing logistical and accessibility barriers. By comprehensively understanding and addressing the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Asia, the public health community can navigate the complex landscape and facilitate higher vaccination rates, ultimately contributing to the global control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine, Vaccine hesitancy, Determinants, Strategies for improvement, Asia