Output-based adaptive distributed observer for general linear leader systems over periodic switching digraphs

In this paper, we present a sufficient condition for the exponential stability of a class of linear switched systems. As an application of this stability result, we establish an output-based adaptive distributed observer for a general linear leader system over a periodic jointly connected switching communication network, which extends the applicability of the output-based adaptive distributed observer from a marginally stable linear leader system to any linear leader system and from an undirected switching graph to a directed switching graph. This output-based adaptive distributed observer will be applied to solve the leader-following consensus problem for multiple double-integrator systems.