水文循环与气候

H. Dolman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

水是地球系统的重要组成部分,通过多种机制与气候相互作用。本章首先描述了大气湿度对递减率的影响,然后讨论了云的形成和主要的全球储存库和通量,包括降水和向海洋的排放。然后讨论了水蒸气的大气输送及其与降水的关系。经向输送可以通过大气河流在少数非常强烈的事件中发生。在地球观测卫星数据的帮助下,显示了海洋和陆地蒸发之间的差异,并显示了水的再循环在很大程度上取决于地点。最后,利用最近北极海冰的减少,以及末次盛冰期冰盖范围和随之而来的海平面的变化,描述了冰冻水对气候的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Hydrological Cycle and Climate
Water is a key part of the Earth system and interacts with climate through a variety of mechanisms. The chapter initially describes the effect of atmospheric moisture on the lapse rate and then discusses cloud formation and the main global reservoirs and fluxes, including precipitation, and discharge into the oceans. Atmospheric transport of water vapour, together with its relation to precipitation, is then discussed. It is shown that meridional transport can occur with a few very strong events, through atmospheric rivers. The difference between evaporation over the ocean and that over land is shown, with the help of data from Earth observation satellites, and the recycling of water is shown to depend very much on locality. Finally, the importance of frozen water on climate is described, using the recent decrease in Arctic sea ice, and the variability in ice sheet extent and consequent sea levels during the Last Glacial Maximum.
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