Dual-band antenna configuration comprising two unsymmetrical rectangular loops fed in series for GNSS applications

The demand for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) has increased. Dual-frequency capability that includes the L1 band (1575.42 MHz) and the L2 band (1227.60 MHz) is needed to support recent high accuracy requirements. We propose a dual-band antenna configuration comprising two unsymmetrical rectangular loops that are fed in series for GNSS applications. The proposed antenna achieves operation in dual bands including the low (L2) and high (L1) bands. The antenna characteristics are investigated numerically and experimentally. The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio bandwidth (<2) including the low band is 20.9% and that (<2) including the high band is 33.6%. The Axial Ratio bandwidth (<3 dB) including the low band is 4.9% and that (<3 dB) including the high band is 4.7%. The measured and numerical results are in good agreement.