Model of multiperiod production-distribution for closed-loop supply chain considering carbon emission and traceability for agri-food products

PurposeThis study aimed to develop the integration of the multiperiod production-distribution model in a closed-loop supply chain involving carbon emission and traceability. The developed model was for agricultural food (agri-food) products, considering the reverse flow of food waste from the disposal center (composting center) to producers.FindingsThe results indicate that integrating the production and distribution model considering food waste recycling provides low carbon emissions in lower total costs. The sensitivity analysis also found that there are trade-offs between production and distribution rate and food waste levels on carbon emission and traceability.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on the mathematical modeling of a multiperiod production-distribution formulation for a closed-loop supply chain.Originality/valueThe model of the agri-food closed-loop supply chain in this study that considers food recycling and carbon emissions would help stakeholders involved in the agri-food supply chain to reduce food waste and carbon emissions.