《克服战时心理压力的方法》Аnalysis

N. Honcharuk, L. Onufriieva
{"title":"《克服战时心理压力的方法》Аnalysis","authors":"N. Honcharuk, L. Onufriieva","doi":"10.32626/2227-6246.2022-56.30-44","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to analyze psychological theories of stress and identify methods of overcoming it that can and should be used in wartime. Its urgency is due to the need to provide psychological assistance to servicemen and civilians who have experienced factors of exceptional intensity (shelling, in-juries, death of loved ones). In accordance with the objective, the main tasks are identified: 1) to determine the essence of the concepts of “stress”, “combat stress”, “traumatic stress”, “post­traumatic stress”; 2) to find out the differences between the course of stress as a psycho­emotional state in conditions of war; 3) to analyze the main theories of stress research; 4) to describe the approaches to overcoming it, which are used within these theories and are appropriate for use in wartime.methods.A set of methods of scientific research: theoretical analysis, ge­neralization, comparison, systematization of facts, theoretical modeling, scien-tific interpretation are used to implement the key tasks. the results of the research. The paper presents the solution to an impor-tant academic issue related to the analysis of methods of overcoming psycho­emotional stress in war. There are three main types of stress that occur during war: combat, traumatic, and post­traumatic. The differences of the described varieties are determined and their nature is established, the latter consists in the action of stressors of exceptional strength, which determines the combination of physiological and psychoemotional symptoms. In this regard, biological (related to the physiological nature of stress) and psychological theories are analyzed.According to biological theories, stress is a violation of the body’s balance between external influences and internal resources of the body, which fact out-lines the main methods of overcoming it. According to these theories, methods aimed at attracting physiological resources of the body (rest, sleep, relaxation); restoration of disturbed psychophysiological functions (normalization of respira-tion, acquisition of control over the body); provision of basic needs (food, water, heat, hygiene). According to psychological theories, stress is characterized as an internal mental state of tension that determines the methods of overcoming it. For the treatment of combat stress, the BICEPS program (brevity, immediacy, centrality / contact, expectancy, proximity, simplicity) is presented, which is widespread in US military practice. To overcome the traumatic and post­traumatic stress of civilians, a number of methods of psychological and psychotherapeutic care have been proposed, including psycho­counseling, debriefing, crisis intervention, defusing, autogenic training techniques, rational, cognitive­behavioral, physical therapy, therapy and neurotherapy.conclusions. Summarizing the theoretical and methodological positions of the study, two main areas of influence on the symptoms of psycho­emotional stress are identified:1) impact on physiological aspects of life, including the satisfaction of basic human needs for food, warmth, hygiene; increase of physiological resources of an organism and restoration of the broken psychophysiological functions; 2) in-fluence on psychological factors of behavior (motivation, value system, volitional characteristics) by means of psychological counseling, psychological rehabilita-tion and psychotherapy.Their use is effective in a complex, which will increase the impact on both psychological and physiological factors of stress formation.Key words: stress, combat stress, traumatic stress, post­traumatic stress disorder, war.","PeriodicalId":250456,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Research Papers \"Problems of Modern Psychology\"","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Аnalysis of Methods to Overcome Psychoemotional Stress under Wartime Conditions\",\"authors\":\"N. Honcharuk, L. Onufriieva\",\"doi\":\"10.32626/2227-6246.2022-56.30-44\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The purpose of the study is to analyze psychological theories of stress and identify methods of overcoming it that can and should be used in wartime. Its urgency is due to the need to provide psychological assistance to servicemen and civilians who have experienced factors of exceptional intensity (shelling, in-juries, death of loved ones). In accordance with the objective, the main tasks are identified: 1) to determine the essence of the concepts of “stress”, “combat stress”, “traumatic stress”, “post­traumatic stress”; 2) to find out the differences between the course of stress as a psycho­emotional state in conditions of war; 3) to analyze the main theories of stress research; 4) to describe the approaches to overcoming it, which are used within these theories and are appropriate for use in wartime.methods.A set of methods of scientific research: theoretical analysis, ge­neralization, comparison, systematization of facts, theoretical modeling, scien-tific interpretation are used to implement the key tasks. the results of the research. The paper presents the solution to an impor-tant academic issue related to the analysis of methods of overcoming psycho­emotional stress in war. There are three main types of stress that occur during war: combat, traumatic, and post­traumatic. The differences of the described varieties are determined and their nature is established, the latter consists in the action of stressors of exceptional strength, which determines the combination of physiological and psychoemotional symptoms. In this regard, biological (related to the physiological nature of stress) and psychological theories are analyzed.According to biological theories, stress is a violation of the body’s balance between external influences and internal resources of the body, which fact out-lines the main methods of overcoming it. According to these theories, methods aimed at attracting physiological resources of the body (rest, sleep, relaxation); restoration of disturbed psychophysiological functions (normalization of respira-tion, acquisition of control over the body); provision of basic needs (food, water, heat, hygiene). According to psychological theories, stress is characterized as an internal mental state of tension that determines the methods of overcoming it. For the treatment of combat stress, the BICEPS program (brevity, immediacy, centrality / contact, expectancy, proximity, simplicity) is presented, which is widespread in US military practice. To overcome the traumatic and post­traumatic stress of civilians, a number of methods of psychological and psychotherapeutic care have been proposed, including psycho­counseling, debriefing, crisis intervention, defusing, autogenic training techniques, rational, cognitive­behavioral, physical therapy, therapy and neurotherapy.conclusions. Summarizing the theoretical and methodological positions of the study, two main areas of influence on the symptoms of psycho­emotional stress are identified:1) impact on physiological aspects of life, including the satisfaction of basic human needs for food, warmth, hygiene; increase of physiological resources of an organism and restoration of the broken psychophysiological functions; 2) in-fluence on psychological factors of behavior (motivation, value system, volitional characteristics) by means of psychological counseling, psychological rehabilita-tion and psychotherapy.Their use is effective in a complex, which will increase the impact on both psychological and physiological factors of stress formation.Key words: stress, combat stress, traumatic stress, post­traumatic stress disorder, war.\",\"PeriodicalId\":250456,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Collection of Research Papers \\\"Problems of Modern Psychology\\\"\",\"volume\":\"102 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-05-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Collection of Research Papers \\\"Problems of Modern Psychology\\\"\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2022-56.30-44\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Collection of Research Papers \"Problems of Modern Psychology\"","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2022-56.30-44","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

该研究的目的是分析压力的心理学理论,并确定可以和应该在战时使用的克服压力的方法。其紧迫性是由于需要向经历过异常剧烈因素(炮击、受伤、亲人死亡)的军人和平民提供心理援助。根据目标,确定了主要任务:1)确定“应激”、“战斗应激”、“创伤应激”、“创伤后应激”等概念的本质;2)找出战争条件下应激作为一种心理情绪状态的过程差异;3)分析了应力研究的主要理论;(4)描述在这些理论中所使用的、适用于战时的克服方法。方法:运用理论分析、概括、比较、事实系统化、理论建模、科学解释等一套科学研究方法来完成关键任务。研究的结果。本文提出了解决战争中克服心理情绪压力的方法分析这一重要学术问题的方法。战争中的压力主要有三种:战斗压力、创伤压力和创伤后压力。所述品种的差异是确定的,它们的性质是确定的,后者包括异常强度的应激源的作用,这决定了生理和心理情绪症状的组合。在这方面,生物学(与压力的生理性质有关)和心理学理论进行了分析。根据生物学理论,压力是对身体外部影响和身体内部资源之间平衡的破坏,这一事实概述了克服压力的主要方法。根据这些理论,旨在吸引身体生理资源(休息,睡眠,放松)的方法;恢复受干扰的心理生理功能(呼吸正常化,获得对身体的控制);提供基本需要(食物、水、暖气、卫生)。根据心理学理论,压力的特点是一种内在的精神紧张状态,它决定了克服它的方法。对于战斗压力的治疗,提出了BICEPS方案(简洁、直接、中心性/接触、预期、接近、简单),这在美国军事实践中广泛应用。为了克服平民的创伤和创伤后应激,人们提出了许多心理和心理治疗护理方法,包括心理咨询、述职、危机干预、化解、自体训练技术、理性、认知行为、物理治疗、治疗和神经治疗。总结了该研究的理论和方法立场,确定了影响心理-情绪压力症状的两个主要领域:1)影响生活的生理方面,包括对人类对食物、温暖、卫生的基本需求的满足;增加机体的生理资源,恢复受损的心理生理功能;2)通过心理咨询、心理康复和心理治疗对行为心理因素(动机、价值体系、意志特征)的影响。它们的使用是有效的,在复杂的情况下,会增加心理和生理因素对应激形成的影响。关键词:应激,战斗应激,创伤应激,创伤后应激障碍,战争
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Аnalysis of Methods to Overcome Psychoemotional Stress under Wartime Conditions
The purpose of the study is to analyze psychological theories of stress and identify methods of overcoming it that can and should be used in wartime. Its urgency is due to the need to provide psychological assistance to servicemen and civilians who have experienced factors of exceptional intensity (shelling, in-juries, death of loved ones). In accordance with the objective, the main tasks are identified: 1) to determine the essence of the concepts of “stress”, “combat stress”, “traumatic stress”, “post­traumatic stress”; 2) to find out the differences between the course of stress as a psycho­emotional state in conditions of war; 3) to analyze the main theories of stress research; 4) to describe the approaches to overcoming it, which are used within these theories and are appropriate for use in wartime.methods.A set of methods of scientific research: theoretical analysis, ge­neralization, comparison, systematization of facts, theoretical modeling, scien-tific interpretation are used to implement the key tasks. the results of the research. The paper presents the solution to an impor-tant academic issue related to the analysis of methods of overcoming psycho­emotional stress in war. There are three main types of stress that occur during war: combat, traumatic, and post­traumatic. The differences of the described varieties are determined and their nature is established, the latter consists in the action of stressors of exceptional strength, which determines the combination of physiological and psychoemotional symptoms. In this regard, biological (related to the physiological nature of stress) and psychological theories are analyzed.According to biological theories, stress is a violation of the body’s balance between external influences and internal resources of the body, which fact out-lines the main methods of overcoming it. According to these theories, methods aimed at attracting physiological resources of the body (rest, sleep, relaxation); restoration of disturbed psychophysiological functions (normalization of respira-tion, acquisition of control over the body); provision of basic needs (food, water, heat, hygiene). According to psychological theories, stress is characterized as an internal mental state of tension that determines the methods of overcoming it. For the treatment of combat stress, the BICEPS program (brevity, immediacy, centrality / contact, expectancy, proximity, simplicity) is presented, which is widespread in US military practice. To overcome the traumatic and post­traumatic stress of civilians, a number of methods of psychological and psychotherapeutic care have been proposed, including psycho­counseling, debriefing, crisis intervention, defusing, autogenic training techniques, rational, cognitive­behavioral, physical therapy, therapy and neurotherapy.conclusions. Summarizing the theoretical and methodological positions of the study, two main areas of influence on the symptoms of psycho­emotional stress are identified:1) impact on physiological aspects of life, including the satisfaction of basic human needs for food, warmth, hygiene; increase of physiological resources of an organism and restoration of the broken psychophysiological functions; 2) in-fluence on psychological factors of behavior (motivation, value system, volitional characteristics) by means of psychological counseling, psychological rehabilita-tion and psychotherapy.Their use is effective in a complex, which will increase the impact on both psychological and physiological factors of stress formation.Key words: stress, combat stress, traumatic stress, post­traumatic stress disorder, war.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信