砷暴露、中毒及对人体健康的威胁

Arpitha Chikkanna, Luv Mehan, Sarath P. K., Devanita Ghosh
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引用次数: 14

摘要

砷(As)是一种天然存在的类金属,对人类和动物健康都有很高的毒性。虽然砷在工业、医药和农业领域有一些应用,但饮用水源中砷浓度的增加已使其对生物体构成潜在威胁。无机砷天然存在于地下水中,并通过灌溉系统被植物和农作物吸附。这导致其在作物中积累,并通过食物转移给人类和动物。砷含量的增加可通过急性和慢性暴露引起各种健康疾病,如胃肠道、肝脏、呼吸系统、心血管、肠系膜、肾脏、神经系统和生殖疾病,包括死产和婴儿死亡率。砷还能诱导表观遗传变化,从而引起基因突变。本章的重点是砷的可能来源,导致环境污染,随后是其有害影响,为各种人类健康表现铺平道路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Arsenic Exposures, Poisoning, and Threat to Human Health
Arsenic (As) is a naturally occurring metalloid which induces high toxicity to both human and animal health. Although As has some applications in industrial, medicinal and agricultural fields, the increasing concentrations of As in drinking water sources had made it a potential threat to living organisms. Inorganic As is naturally present in groundwater and is adsorbed by plants and crops through the irrigation system. This leads to its accumulation in crops and translocation to humans and animals through food. Increased levels of As can cause various health disorders through acute and chronic exposures such as gastrointestinal, hepatic, respiratory, cardiovascular, integumentary, renal, neurological, and reproductive disorders including stillbirth and infant mortality. Arsenic is also capable of inducing epigenetic changes, thereby causing gene mutations. This chapter focuses on the possible sources of As, leading to environmental contamination and followed by its hazardous effects which pave the way to various human health manifestations.
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