Cómputo en la niebla aplicado a la manufactura inteligente bajo el contexto de la industria 4.0: Desafíos y oportunidades

Cloud computing offers high server-level data processing capacity, while fog computing works using nodes at the edge of the network, enabling real-time data processing with low latency and improved ubiquity, so it can contribute on Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. This article discusses the technical challenges that have arisen in implementing the IIoT, and how the fog computing paradigm is helping to solve some of them. For this, a review of scientific articles in the Google Scholar and Web of Science databases has been carried out using keywords. The results show that there are various challenges related to interoperability, mixed criticality, latency, fault tolerance, scalability, horizontal and vertical integration, functional safety, legacy industrial systems, and energy efficiency. The main trends to face these challenges are reported. This article proposes a series of opportunity areas for research and development of possible solutions.