Proposal of Pattern-Reconfigurable Self-Oscillating Active Array Antenna Integrating Slot-Line Gunn Oscillator and Hybrid Coupler

This study proposes a self-oscillating active integrated array antenna (AIAA) with pattern-reconfigurable functionality for X-band applications. The AIA has a dual-patch array antenna and a hybrid coupler, and it can switch its main beam with the aid of three PIN diodes among three states; state $1 (\theta=-20^{\circ})$, state $2 (\theta=+20^{\circ})$, and state $3 (\theta =0^{\circ})$. By embedding a slot-line Gunn oscillator, which shows an excellent output power of +7.71 dBm at 10.2GHz, the proposed antenna has the self-oscillating capability as well. Simulated radiation patterns in all three states validate the concept with an excellent impedance matching.