A Modified Non-separable Haar Wavelet Transform with Rabin-p Cryptosystem for Colour Image Watermarking

Digital image watermarking is a tried-and-true method of securing image media, but there is a need to constantly perfect the technique to keep up with the technological progress. In this paper, a non-blind image watermarking technique is used to embed a robust and imperceptible watermark, designed with a focus on security and efficiency. Images are transformed from spatial domain to transform domain using modified non-separable Haar wavelet transform and singular value decomposition, and the watermark is encrypted by Arnold’s cat map scrambling and Rabin-p cryptosystem. The modified non-separable Haar wavelet transform is an alternative to the popular and widely used discrete wavelet transform, which produces a similar transform but in a much more efficient way. On the other hand, the watermark is secured by image scrambling and encryption of the scrambling parameters. A highly robust and imperceptible image watermarking technique is made while prioritizing efficiency and security.