欧洲人在人类地球上的不礼貌策略与权力

Candra Apriliana
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引用次数: 0

摘要

《人类的地球》是普拉姆迪亚·阿南塔·塔尔的小说。从这部小说的故事中,研究者有兴趣研究《人类地球》小说中欧洲人物使用的不礼貌策略和权力的类型、功能和目的。本研究采用了描述性质的研究方法,因为本研究中的数据是以对话形式的定性数据的形式,然后以描述性的形式进行分析。这项研究中使用的数据是欧洲人和土著人之间的对话,这些对话包含了小说中不礼貌和权力的元素。在这项研究中使用了四种理论。第一种理论属于Culpeper(1996),用于识别不礼貌的类型。第二种理论属于Culpeper(2011),用于识别不礼貌功能。此外,Beebe(1950)和Bousfield(2008)的理论被用来理解通过不礼貌语言使用权力的目的。本研究的第一个结果是,根据Culpeper(1996)的研究,小说中的欧洲角色使用了各种各样的不礼貌行为。使用的不礼貌类型有:(1)直接的不礼貌(没有记录的不礼貌),(2)积极的不礼貌,(3)消极的不礼貌,(4)讽刺或嘲弄的礼貌,(5)含蓄的礼貌。在这40个数据中,负面不礼貌是使用频率最高的数字,共有17次对话。本研究的第二个结果,根据Culpeper(2011)的理论,发现了两种不礼貌的功能,即情感功能,共22次对话和强制功能,共11次对话。没有发现娱乐功能,因为这种功能通常出现在通过笑话使用不礼貌的谈话节目等娱乐世界中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Impoliteness Strategies and Power Used by European in This Earth of Mankind
This Earth of Mankind is a novel written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. From the story in this novel, the researcher is interested in investigating the types, functions, and purposes of impoliteness strategies and power used by European characters in This Earth of Mankind novel. This research used the descriptive qualitative research method because the data in this research are in the form of qualitative data in the form of conversation and then analyzed in the form of descriptive. The data used in this study are conversations between Europeans and Indigenous people that contain the elements of impoliteness and power contained in the novel. There are four theories used in this research. The first theory belongs to Culpeper (1996) to identify types of impoliteness. The second theory belongs to Culpeper (2011) to identify impoliteness functions. Furthermore, Beebe's (1950) and Bousfield's (2008) theories are used to understand the purpose of using power through impolite language. The first result, of this research, shows that European characters in the novel use all kinds of impoliteness according to Culpeper (1996). The types of impoliteness used are (1) direct impoliteness (Bald on record impoliteness), (2) positive impoliteness, (3) negative impoliteness, (4) sarcasm or mock politeness, and (5) withhold politeness. From the 40 data there are negative impoliteness as the most frequently used number with a total of 17 conversations. The second result of this research, according to Culpeper's theory (2011) found two impolite functions, namely affective function with a total of 22 conversations and coercive with a total of 11 conversations. The entertaining function was not found because this function usually occurs in the world of entertainment such as talk shows that use impoliteness through jokes.
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