Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthetic Approaches

The sections in this article are Introduction General Concepts on the Synthesis of Carbon (Nano-)Materials Uncatalyzed Synthesis of Carbon (Nano-)Materials Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbon (Nano-)Materials Synthesis from Solid Precursors Nanodiamonds Turning Graphite into Diamond Explosive Detonation Synthesis Fullerenes, Nanohorns, Single- and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition Definitions Mechanistic Aspects Single- and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Floating Catalyst CCVD Immobilized Catalyst CCVD Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized from Biocompatible Catalysts Metal- and PAH-Induced Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes Purification Techniques Importance of Defects and Curvature for Further Functionalization Functionalization: Creating Anchoring Points for Bioactive Molecules Functionalization by Oxidation Functionalization by Coupling Reactions Noncovalent Functionalization Conclusion and Outlook Keywords: carbon nanotubes; carbon nanodiamonds; reaction mechanism; catalytic chemical vapor deposition; toxicity; functionalization; characterization