Retrospect and Prospect of Wind Power Participating in Power System Frequency Regulation

Large-scale grid-connected renewable energy sources (RES) pose a serious threat to the frequency stability of the power system. Considering the active power flexible regulation ability for wind turbines (WTs), the gradual increase in the penetration level of wind power (WP) has led to growing interest in the capability of WP participating in the power system frequency regulation. Therefore, this paper reviews the current research status of WP participating in frequency regulation from WT level, wind farm (WF) level, and power system level, respectively. At the WT level, the existing WT types and the characteristics of various frequency regulation strategies are analyzed. At the WF level, the coordinated controls within the WFs are further discussed, which contain the active power distribution between WTs and rotor speed recovery coordinated control. At the system level, the coordinated frequency controls of WP with other generation resources and energy storage systems are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each frequency participation strategy are also discussed and compared. Finally, the prospects of WP frequency regulation are expected with further research attention.