宇宙射线起源:超高能量宇宙射线和银河/河外转换的教训

Etienne Parizot
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引用次数: 18

摘要

我们研究了银河系宇宙射线(GCRs)的起源问题的光在光谱的最高能量端可用的数据。我们认为,皮埃尔·奥格天文台和卡斯卡德-格兰德实验的数据表明,银河系和河外成分之间的转换发生在全粒子宇宙射线谱中踝关节的能量,质子的能量为1017 eV。银河系质子的如此高的能量似乎很难与一般的观点相一致,即gcr是由单个超新星遗迹(SNRs)的前激波的标准扩散激波加速过程加速的。我们还回顾了标准SNR-GCR连接的各种困难,这些困难与轻元素丰度的演化和重要的同位素异常有关。我们指出,银河系中超新星注入的大部分能量实际上是在超级气泡内部释放的,因此超级气泡可能在宇宙射线的起源中发挥重要作用,并且可以以一种相当自然的方式解决标准信噪比- gcr情景中的一些持久问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cosmic Ray Origin: Lessons from Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays and the Galactic/Extragalactic Transition

We examine the question of the origin of the Galactic cosmic-rays (GCRs) in the light of the data available at the highest energy end of the spectrum. We argue that the data of the Pierre Auger Observatory and of the KASCADE-Grande experiment suggest that the transition between the Galactic and the extragalactic components takes place at the energy of the ankle in the all-particle cosmic-ray spectrum, and at an energy of the order of 1017 eV for protons. Such a high energy for Galactic protons appears difficult to reconcile with the general view that GCRs are accelerated by the standard diffusive shock acceleration process at the forward shock of individual supernova remnants (SNRs). We also review various difficulties of the standard SNR-GCR connection, related to the evolution of the light element abundances and to significant isotopic anomalies. We point out that most of the power injected by the supernovæ in the Galaxy is actually released inside superbubbles, which may thus play an important role in the origin of cosmic-rays, and could solve some persistent problems of the standard SNR-GCR scenario in a rather natural way.

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