Drop-out and ineffective treatment in youth with severe and enduring mental health problems: a systematic review.

Youth with severe and enduring mental health problems (SEMHP) tend to drop out of treatment or insufficiently profit from treatment in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP). Knowledge about factors related to treatment failure in this group is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to thematically explore factors associated with dropout and ineffective treatment among youth with SEMHP. After including 36 studies, a descriptive thematic analysis was conducted. Themes were divided into three main categories: client, treatment, and organizational factors. The strongest evidence was found for the association between treatment failure and the following subthemes: type of treatment, engagement, transparency and communication, goodness of fit and, perspective of practitioner. However, most other themes showed limited evidence and little research has been done on organizational factors. To prevent treatment failure, attention should be paid to a good match between youth and both the treatment and the practitioner. Practitioners need to be aware of their own perceptions of youth's perspectives, and transparent communication with youth contributes to regaining their trust.