Memory functioning after hippocampal removal: Does side matter?

To address the memory functioning after medial temporal lobe (MTL) surgery for refractory epilepsy and relationships with the side of the hippocampal removal, 22 patients with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy who had undergone MTL resection (10 right/12 left) at the Salpêtrière Hospital were compared with 21 matched healthy controls. We designed a specific neuropsychological binding memory test that specifically addressed hippocampal cortex functioning, and left–right material-specific lateralization. Our results showed that both left and right mesial temporal lobe removal cause a severe memory impairment, for both verbal and visual material. The removal of left medial temporal lobe causes worse memory impairment than the right removal regardless of the stimuli type (verbal or visual) questioning the theory of the hippocampal material-specific lateralization. The present study provided new evidence for the role of both hippocampus and surrounding cortices in memory-binding whatever the material type and also suggested that a left MTL removal is more deleterious for both verbal and visual episodic memory in comparison with right MTL removal.