Risk factors for CMV infection within 100 days posttransplantation in patients with acute leukemia.

To investigate the risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection within 100 days and the relationship between early CMV infection and 1-year relapse for patients with acute leukemia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

Methods: Three hundred fifty-nine patients with acute leukemia who received allo-HSCT at our center between January 2015 and January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Of 359 patients, 48.19% (173) patients experienced CMV infection within 100 days posttransplantation. In univariate and multivariate logistic analysis, haploidentical-related donor (HRD) (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 5.542; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.186-9.639), and ratio of CD3⁺CD8⁺ cells in lymphocytes <14.825% (P < 0.001; OR, 3.005; 95% CI, 1.712-5.275) were identified as 2 independent risk factors. One-year relapse rate (RR) between the CMV infection group and the non-CMV infection group was not statistically significant (18.5% vs 19.9%, P = 0.688). When we divided the total cohort into AML, ALL, and MAL subgroups, there were no significant differences as well (P = 0.138; P = 0.588; P = 0.117; respectively).

Conclusion: In conclusion, donor type (HRD) and the insufficient recovery of CD3⁺CD8⁺ cells were independent risk factors for CMV infection within 100 days posttransplantation in patients with acute leukemia. CMV infection within 100 days did not influence the incidence of relapse in 1 year for patients with acute leukemia.