泰奥弗拉斯托斯的《钝器人》(Anaisthetos):对成人神经发育障碍最古老的“现象学”描述。

Q3 Medicine
Artemios Pehlivanidis, Katerina Papanikolaou
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引用次数: 1

摘要

泰奥弗拉斯托斯(公元前381-278)是第一个使用“性格”一词来描述个人独特的内在心理和道德特征的人。在他的经典著作《人物》中,他以简单的风格分析了他同时代的一些人物。字符“Αναίσθητος”(Anaisthetos)在英语中被翻译为“愚钝的人”,在现代希腊语中被翻译为“Αναίσθητος”,意思是缺乏欣赏和“Βραδύνους”,意思是思维迟钝。根据第五版《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》,泰奥弗拉斯图斯对这一特殊性格的描述与两种神经发育障碍——注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和社会实用沟通障碍(SPCD)——在成年人身上同时出现是一致的。12个陈述中有10个支持ADHD的可能发生,而其中5个支持SPCD的发生。该描述不能证明智力残疾的诊断是合理的;因此,我们认为,在现代希腊语词汇中,原始术语“Αναίσθητος”(“Anaisthetos”),意思是缺乏欣赏,比“Βραδύνους”(“钝器”)更准确地对应于这个特殊的泰奥弗拉斯托斯的性格,这表明存在低智力能力。此外,缺乏重复性和限制性的兴趣和行为也排除了自闭症谱系障碍的可能诊断。根据Peripatic学派的说法,轻微的精神疾病和特征是由于缺乏对食欲和行为的理性控制。因此,“Αναίσθητος”是一种对不恰当的社会行为进行污名化的现象学描述,它可能提供的唯一帮助是增强自我意识。然而,在我们当代的临床实践中,早期识别和适当治疗受影响个体的神经发育障碍,可以带来更好的临床护理,并可能减少污名化。在这样一个不同的历史背景下,这两种疾病的共存加强了它们作为诊断结构的有效性,并提供了神经发育障碍共存的一个例子。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Theophrastus's "Anaisthetos" ("The Obtuse Man"): the oldest "phenomenological" description of neurodevelopmental disorders in an adult.

Theophrastus (381-278 B.C.), was the first to adopt the term character for the description of distinct inner psychological and moral features of an individual. In his classic book 'Characters' in a simple style wording he analyses some of his contemporary individuals. The character "Αναίσθητος" (Anaisthetos) has been translated in English as "The Obtuse Man" and in Modern Greek both as "Αναίσθητος", meaning lack of appreciation and "Βραδύνους", meaning slowness of mind. Theophrastus' description of this particular character is compatible with the co-occurrence in an adult of two Neurodevelopmental Disorders: the Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder (SPCD), according to the 5th Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Ten out of the twelve statements support the possible occurrence of ADHD while five of them the occurrence of SPCD. The description does not justify a diagnosis of an intellectual disability; therefore, we consider that in the Modern Greek vocabulary the original term «Αναίσθητος» ("Anaisthetos"), meaning lack of appreciation, is more accurately corresponding to this particular Theophrastus's character than "Βραδύνους" ("Obtuse"), which indicates the presence of low intellectual capacities. Also the lack of repetitive and restrictive interests and behaviours excludes Autism Spectrum Disorder as a possible diagnosis. Minor psychiatric disorders and traits according to the Peripatic School were attributed to the lack of rational control over appetites and behavior. Accordingly, «Αναίσθητος» is a phenomenological description of a stigmatizing inappropriate social behavior and the only help that might give is in increasing self-awareness. In our contemporary clinical practice, though, the early recognition and appropriate treatment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in affected individuals, leads to a better clinical care and may diminish stigmatization. The co-existence of these two disorders in a character in such a different historical context reinforces their validity as diagnostic constructs and provides an example of co-occurrence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

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来源期刊
Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki
Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki Medicine-Medicine (all)
CiteScore
2.60
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