Daniela Maidana, Clara Bonanad, Carolina Ortiz-Cortés, Andrea Arroyo-Álvarez, Guillermo Barreres-Martín, Carles Muñoz-Alfonso, Eva Maicas-Alcaine, Cristina García-Pérez, Andrea Aparici-Redal, Victòria Freitas-Durks, Alberto Esteban-Fernández
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Sex-Related Differences in Heart Failure Diagnosis.
Purpose of review: The literature on the importance of sex in heart failure diagnosis is scarce. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on sex differences regarding the diagnosis of heart failure.
Recent findings: Comorbidities are frequent in patients with heart failure, and their prevalence differs between sexes; some differences in symptomatology and diagnostic imaging techniques were also found. Biomarkers also usually show differences between sexes but are not significant enough to establish sex-specific ranges. This article outlines current information related to sex differences in HF diagnosis. Research in this field remains to be done. Maintaining a high diagnostic suspicion, actively searching for the disease, and considering the sex is relevant for early diagnosis and better prognosis. In addition, more studies with equal representation are needed.
期刊介绍：
This journal intends to provide clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts that review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of heart failure. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as investigative, pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic therapies, pathophysiology, and prevention. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.
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