Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Associated with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in Northern India.

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp), which is associated with hospital-acquired infections, is extensively drug-resistant (XDR), making treatment difficult. Understanding the genetic epidemiology of XDR-Kp can help determine its potential to be hypervirulent (hv) through the presence of siderophores. We characterized the genomes of 18 colistin-resistant XDR-Kp isolated from 14 patients with complicated tract infection at an Indian healthcare facility. The 18 organisms comprised the following sequence types (STs): ST14 (n = 9), ST147 (n = 5), ST231 (n = 2), ST2096 (n = 1), and ST25 (n = 1). Many patients in each ward were infected with the same ST, suggesting a common source of infection. Some patients had recurrent infections with multiple STs circulating in the ward, providing evidence of hospital transmission. β-lactamase genes (bla_CTX-M-1, bla_SHV, and bla_ampH) were present in all isolates. bla_NDM-1 was present in 15 isolates, bla_OXA-1 in 16 isolates, bla_TEM-1D in 13 isolates, and bla_OXA-48 in 3 isolates. Disruption of mgrB by various insertion sequences was responsible for colistin resistance in 6 isolates. The most common K-type among isolates was K2 (n = 10). One XDR convergent hvKp ST2096 mutation (iuc+ybt+bla_OXA-1+bla_OXA-48) was associated with prolonged hospitalization. Convergent XDR-hvKp has outbreak potential, warranting effective antimicrobial stewardship and infection control.